Current issue
- Title:
- VESTNIK 2(38) 2020
- Number:
- 2
- Year:
- 2020
- Date publication on the site:
- 2020-06-17 17:56:54
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 15
UNIVERSITY MULTICULTURAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON THE FORMATION OF ETHNO-CULTURAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS
UDC: 371.13, 37.048.45
Section: PEDAGOGICS
Authors: Natalya G. Arzamastseva; Valentina V. Konstantinova;
The peculiarity of Russia is that it has historically developed and continues to exist as a multinational state, in this
regard the society faces a serious task of preparing young people for life in a multi-ethnic society. The problems of the formation of multicultural literacy, civic responsibility, ethno-cultural competence, respect for traditions, national
culture and cultural differences of ethnic groups in the younger generation come to the forefront of the educational,
personnel and youth policies of the country's regions. The purpose of the study is to consider the multicultural
educational environment of the university as a means of the formation of ethno-cultural competence of future
teachers. The main research methods are: theoretical analysis of the literature on the research problem, analysis
of survey results of students of the Mari State University. Ethno-cultural competence is defined by the authors as
a necessary set of personal qualities of a teacher, including high professionalism, knowledge, skills and abilities
that allow free use of cultural means and objects in the ethno-cultural environment. As an effective means of forming
ethno-cultural competence of future teachers, the article considers the multicultural educational environment
of the university. The most important tasks of the multicultural educational environment of the university are:
comprehensive study by future teachers of the basics of the culture of their own people; the formation of ideas
about the diversity of national cultures in Russia; the formation of skills of intercultural interaction with representatives
of different ethnic groups; fostering respect for the traditions of different cultures and so on. The authors consider
the multicultural educational environment of the university as a specially organized socio-psychological
environment in which each subject of the educational process, regardless of ethnicity, will have equal opportunities
for personal self–realization, social development and self–improvement, while the entire educational process
of the university is based on respect for the culture and traditions of different peoples.
DIGITAL LEARNING RESOURCES FOR STUDYING RUSSIAN BY PRESCHOOLERS: A SCENARIO OF INTEGRATION
UDC: 81-13
Section: PEDAGOGICS
Authors: Alsu H. Vafina; Gulnara V. Sadykova; Albina R. Kayumova; Ilkhamiya I. Galimzyanova;
The article presents pedagogical and methodological recommendations for integrating digital
learning resources into the system of communicative skills construction aimed at Russian language learners aged
3–7 in preschool educational institutions. The authors present a field-tested model and scenario of its productive
implementation into the curriculum of Russian-language development of preschool children. Purpose: the purpose
of this article is to present and discuss the scenario of integrating digital learning resources into the Russian
language curriculum of preschool educational institutions for bilingual children aged 3–7 years. Results and discussion.
The authors of the project demonstrate the scenario for practicing the Russian language technology-assisted
teaching and present their methodological recommendations for the effective development of communicative
skills via active approach based on digital resources. The scenario is based on the research conducted in kindergartens
in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2018–2019, which enabled to field-test the model for implementing
digital resources into the system of preschool education. Conclusion. The presented scenario is aimed to assist
the educators teaching Russian as a foreign, second or heritage language in preschool educational institutions.
The methodological recommendations presented in this article are intended to support the digitalization
of language education and to apply and localize most effective and well-recognized techniques and methods of language teaching/learning in the context of Russian preschool education focusing on the speech development
in bi- and multilingual sociocultural environment.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS OF THE EMERCOM OF RUSSIA
UDC: 378
Section: PEDAGOGICS
Authors: Svetlana N. Fedorova; Aksar A. Eltemerov;
Introduction. The modern education system should provide society with a confident transition into the digital
age. Digitalization contributes to rapid response to any emergency situations. Consequently, the introduction of
digital technology plays an important role in the training of specialists of the Emergencies Ministry of Russia.
The article analyzes the significance and ways of introducing digital technologies into the process of professional
training of cadets of universities of the Emergencies Ministry of Russia. The purpose of the study: theoretical
justification and practical confirmation of the importance of using digital technologies in the training of specialists
of the Emergencies Ministry of Russia. Materials and methods. In their study, the authors use theoretical
analysis and methods for summarizing best practices. It is emphasized that the training system for future specialists
requires the use of innovative teaching methods. The experience of the Academy of the State Fire Service of
the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia is analyzed, where various training programs, electronic textbooks and
training complexes are used. The role of educational technologies based on students' own activity, interactive
communication, teamwork, group and individual reflection is growing. All these technologies allow the student
to form a set of social competencies required in a digital society. Results, discussion. At the stage of specialist
training, the situation of possible emergencies is modeled and the student is placed in such conditions in which personal qualities necessary for professional activity will be developed. Conclusion. The variety of forms of organization
of educational activities in the context of digitalization increases significantly, they become dynamic
(shift-based groups, spatially distributed training teams, various scenarios of a quick transition from group to individual
activities and vice versa).
STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF SPORTS BIOPICS’ TITLES AND PECULIARITIES OF THEIR TRANSLATION
UDC: 81’3+81’2
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Natalia N. Bobyreva;
The paper is dedicated to the linguistic analysis of English titles of sports films and identifying the
strategies of their translation into Russian. The purpose of this paper is the identification of lexical features,
semantics and structure of English titles of sports documentaries and fiction films, based on true facts, as well
as the strategies of their translation into Russian. Materials and methods. English and equivalent Russian titles of documentary and fiction sports films based on real events make the material of the research. The methods
of structural, semantic, discourse and comparative analysis were employed in the research. Results, discussion.
In terms of the form, film titles consist of one element (one word) or several elements, possessing the structure of
phrases or sentences. As for the semantic features, the material under study is divided into two groups:
1) titles representing the main characters and 2) those introducing the event or phenomenon around which the plot
of the film develops. When translating into Russian, literal translation is the most productive, mainly in those titles
that represent the main characters and contain proper names. Transformation is realized at the lexical, morphological
and syntactic levels. However, this strategy is less productive and is applied due to linguistic, extralinguistic
and linguocultural factors. Original titles were substituted in 20 % of cases due to the lack of generally accepted
interlanguage equivalents or the intention to create a more attractive title. Conclusion. The process of translating
titles of thematic films is complicated by a range of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. For choosing an optimal
translation strategy, general cultural and specific background knowledge is necessary.
LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ASPECT OF THE CHARACTER CODE OF THE MARI WEDDING CEREMONY
UDC: 811.511.151
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Natalya V. Bogdanova;
The peoples’ world perception is reflected in the linguistic units. In this respect, lexicon of the ceremonies
plays a special role. The wedding ceremony, as one of the most important traditions, keeps the cultural
codes and the lexicon of this ceremony is a source of information about the people’s value system, its life principles.
The purpose of this article is to analyze a part of the linguistic world view of the Mari people, which is
reflected in the nominations of the wedding characters. The object of the research is the nominations of the main
characters of the Mari wedding, as well as periphrasis, epithets, comparisons related to the indicated lexical
units. Materials and methods. The material of the study was the description of the wedding ceremony of all Mari
ethnic groups, texts of wedding songs, sayings, prayers, wishful thinking, riddles, wise saws, proverbs, taboos
(ойöрö), published in various sources, as well as articles collected by the author and materials from folk expeditions
of the Mari State University. The lexicon corpus of the Mari wedding ceremony was created using the
continuous sampling method, the analysis was carried out using descriptive and comparative methods, contextual
and ethnolinguistic analysis. The results of the study, discussion. In the character code of the Mari wedding,
the means of creating the image of the bride are the most developed. This system presents epithets, comparisons, hyperbole, parallelism. The groom’s image is created through epithets and comparisons. The imaginative
nominations of the main characters of the Mari wedding are created using animalistic (swan, cuckoo, nightingale),
plant (flower, apple, wild strawberries, garden strawberries, raspberries, currant, poppy, rowanberry),
astronomical components (sun, moon (crescent)), as well as components denoting natural phenomena
(lightning). Conclusion. Figurative name units were designed to divert the forces and spirits hostile to
the bride from the groom and vice versa, as well as to protect them from the evil eye, from hoodoo, to ensure
the young couple welfare in family life. Comparing these characters, the wedding participants praise them,
emphasizing their best qualities.
SEMANTICS OF COLOUR TERMS IN LEZGIN FOLKLORE
UDC: 398 + 811.351.32
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Aida R. Gasharova;
In science, colour, as well as its semantics, is studied from various points of view. This problem is
given a considerable place in many humanities: linguistics, literary criticism, psychology, philosophy and others.
Colour lexems are of no small importance in the oral and poetic works of the Lezgins. The relevance of our
article is due to the fact that the study of the colour system in various genres of Lezgin folklore has not become
yet the object of a special study. The subject of the study is the semantics of colour terms in the oral and poetic
works of the Lezgins. The purpose of our work is to identify and analyze the colour terms system in Lezgin
folklore. The scientific novelty of our work is due to the analysis of colour terms in the folklore texts of the
Lezgins as one of the little-studied aspects. Results. During the study, we try to establish and explain the semantics
of colour symbolism in Lezgin folklore. In describing the semantics of colour lexemes, we find out their functional
identity and originality in folklore genres. This article analyzes the most dominant colouronims. These are:
yaru 'red', latsu 'white', chulav 'black', vili 'blue/light-blue’, k”atsu 'green', kh”ipi, k”izildin, zardin 'yellow, gold,
gilded' and a complex of “complex” colour terms. The remaining colours occupy a peripheral position and have
a rather informative, descriptive function. Conclusion. The colour palette is well represented in all genres of
Lezgin folklore. Its main function, in addition to its direct purpose – colour designation – is to create a symbol,
reproduce an image, and to depict a colour picture of the world in general. The material for our study was mainly
lyrical songs (ritual and non-ritual), historical songs, riddles and proverbs.
LINGUISTIC INTERACTION OF THE CASPIAN PEOPLES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBORHOOD EXPERIENCE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DIFFERENTIATION OF THE USAGE OF ONE OF THE LEXEMES IN THE ORAL-SPONTANEOUS DISCOURSE OF MONOLINGUALS AND BILINGUALS)
UDC: 81-25, 394.9
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Amina D. Karaulova;
This article examines the linguistic features of the spontaneous oral discourse of various ethnic
groups of the Caspian region, which were combined in one educational space of a University of Civil Engineering
under the influence of the process of internationalization of education and considers their interaction through the prism
of the European neighborhood policy, the main purpose of which is to minimize interethnic conflict and increase
mutual understanding, cooperation and fruitful collaboration of various ethnic groups. Materials and methods.
In the course of the work, the following methods were used: the continuous sampling method, a psycholinguistic
experiment, questionnaires, and statistical analysis of the data obtained. The leading method underlying the solution
of the problem is an ethnolinguistic psychological experiment, which allows you to track the semantic associations
of respondents taking into account various factors, from mono / bilingualism to age, language and gender
factors. During the analysis, the results of narrowing the spectrum of the semantic value of the unit under study in the speech of monolinguals were revealed. The relevance of the article can be traced in the undoubtedly new
comparative analysis of the monolingual and bilingual oral spontaneous discourse of the peoples of the Caspian
region, by analogy with the situation in the EU in connection with their migration policy, based on the opinion
of leading European scientists about this process. From a scientific point of view, the novelty of the article lies
in the fact that this experiment is the first study in the comparative aspect of the oral spontaneous discourse
of the territory of the Caspian region, showing a similar ethnic situation with the European Union. The results
of the study can be applied in theoretical studies on the analysis of units in various types of discourse, as well
as in the activities of educational departments to build an individual learning path for various ethnic groups
in Russian and ethnic studies of the EU.
RUSSIAN REALITY IN THE 1920S‒1930S СORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN B. PASTERNAK AND O. FREIDENBERG
UDC: 821.161.1. "1917/1991"
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Polina L. Mikurova;
Correspondence between B. Pasternak and O. Freidenberg has not been sufficiently studied to
date. However, scientists are showing increasing interest in this discourse realizing it as a rich factual, domestic,
family, historical, linguistic, philological, cultural and creative material. Features of the Russian reality of
the 1920s–1930s in the framework of this correspondence are considered for the first time. The purpose of the article
is to reveal the points of view of B. Pasternak and O. Freidenberg on the Russian reality of the 20s–30s of the
XX century, represented in the framework of this correspondence, the poet’s and the scientist’s worldview peculiar
properties of those years; designation of their attitudes to the world of prerevolutionary Russia; comparison
of positions of the cousins. Material, procedure and methods of research. Correspondence of B. Pasternak and
O. Freidenberg relating to the 1920s–1930s is analyzed in the research. The problem statement is made, the hypothesis
is constructed; by means of analysis, comparison, abstraction and concretization the results are achieved and conclusions
are drawn. Research results, discussion. B. Pasternak and O. Freidenberg showed a similar attitude to the Soviet reality
of the period in question. At the same time, the poet considered it to be wrong and more than that senseless
to “conflict” with it, and the scientist took a hard-line position of its total rejection. B. Pasternak was convinced that it
was possible and necessary to “escape” from joyless realities with the help of creativity, and O. Freidenberg believed
that creativity and scientific research cannot be implemented in non-free conditions. Conclusion. The epistolary
of B. Pasternak and O. Freidenberg having a multi-dimensional cultural content, reflects, among other things,
the positions of correspondents concerning the Soviet reality of the 1920s –1930s.
SYNONYMIC OPPOSITION AS A MEANS OF AXIOLOGICAL ACTUALIZATION OF NATIONALLY SIGNIFICANT CONCEPTS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD
UDC: 811.161.1.37
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Anna Yu. Sarkisova;
Introduction. One of the main functions of synonyms is the clarifying function, which is realized in cognitive
operations of identification or opposition. In the latter case a synonymous opposition is created, capable of explicating
and emphasizing the significant semes of one or both concepts. This language tool is often implemented in texts
of different genre and style affiliation in order to highlight the significant semantic component of a concept.
Purpose: to investigate the dominant axiological content of some key concepts of the Russian language picture
of the world through the analysis of synonymous opposition and to reveal the linguo-axiological potential
of synonymous opposition. Materials and methods. The research materials are the selected text fragments
of Russian fiction, including the desired synonymous oppositions. It is significant that their form is characterized
by a pronounced aphoristic nature: brevity and at the same time high semantic capacity are achieved, first of all,
by the inclusion of culturally significant concepts that appear in the relations of semantic opposition. The study
uses the techniques of semantic-cognitive analysis (component analysis, interpretation, identification of significant
cognitive features, verification through the involvement of other authentic contexts), linguo-axiological reflection. Results, discussion. Based on the analysis of fragments of texts including synonymous oppositions,
the value content of the Russian concepts “truthˮ, “povertyˮ, “willˮ, “loveˮ, “drunkennessˮ is represented.
Conclusion. The results of the study may be useful for further research concerning the study of Russian
concepts, semantics, linguo-axiological modeling and reconstruction of the axiosphere of the Russian language
picture of the world. The presented selection of bright textual implementations of synonymous oppositions can
have applied value and be used in scientific research and pedagogical practice.
SEMANTICS OF MONOCHROME COLOURS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
UDC: 81.161.106
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Tatyana A. Soldatkina;
The material of this article is structured according to the semantics of monochrome colours to
identify allomorphic and isomorphic features in focal opposite colours. The figurative meanings of each colour were
grouped according to their respective meanings. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify allomorphic
and isomorphic features in monochrome colours. Materials and methods. Semantics of monochrome colours is
defined in the context of the considered examples with colour components selected from the British national
corpus and the Corpus of the modern American language. Descriptive method and elements of the comparativehistorical
method have been applied in the paper. Results, discussion. In the semantic group COLOUR is LAW,
black colour possesses the semantics of blackmail, of the place where they sell prohibited goods, currencies,
people or their organs. ‘Black economy’ stands for unknown to the government while ‘white economy’ is a description
of permitted transactions. ‘Black money’ refers to counterfeit money, whereas ‘white money’ is honestly earned
and taxable. In the semantic group COLOUR is SUPERNATURAL, black colour is associated with magical or
paranormal aspects, while ‘white’ is its antipode. The black paternoster symbolizing a night spell, summoning
evil spirits or devils is opposed to its ‘white’ antipode in the meaning of a prayer or Psalm introduced in another
example in the category of ‘supernatural’. Conclusion. The study revealed that monochrome colours coincided
in the semantic groups COLOUR is the LAW and COLOUR is SUPERNATURAL. Allomorphic and isomorphic
features were identified in focal opposite colours.
“BIBLICAL TEXT” OF THE STORY “CHRIST VISITING A MAN” BY N. S. LESKOV
UDC: 821.161.1
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Natalya N. Starygina;
The "Biblical text" of the story “Christ visiting a manˮ by N.S. Leskov is studied in the aspect of two main problems:
the formation and functioning of supertexts of Russian literature (in particular, nominal supertexts) and the poetics
of the author's “text in text” as a form of representation of contextual content. The “Biblical textˮ is also considered
as an intertext, that is, a collection of quotes, reminiscences, allusions from a precedent text. In the process of
analyzing the intertext of Leskov’s story, it was revealed that the writer is not limited to using such intertextemes
as quotation, allusion, reminiscence. He actively includes biblical plot situations, motifs and images, which are
also intertextemes, in the text. The article explores the “biblical text” of the headline complex, the frame (or fantastic
situation) and the hero’s (the “old Siberian”) story itself. The degree of Bible citation accuracy is revealed.
The article identifies biblical plot situations important for the disclosure of the author’s intention, allusions to
which are contained in the text. The existence of semantic opposition in the Old Testament / New Testament is
established. The intertextual connection of the story with the Bible is characterized, based on the development of key
and related motives in the text of the story. Symbolic biblical images relevant for the formation of the Christian
context of the work (heart, home, etc.) are revealed. The artistic functions of both individual intertexts and the
“biblical text” as a whole are determined. The effectiveness of the method of intra-textual analysis for characterizing
the contextual content and contextual poetics of the writer is demonstrated. Leskov’s story is unique in that its small textual space, limited by genre frames, is saturated with biblical intertextemes. The dense “biblical text”
in the text of the story is intended for the reader, whom Leskov designated in the dedication as “Christian children”.
The commonality of the sociocultural space of the author, heroes and readers, due to Christianity as the cultural
core, provides a fairly extensive zone of “context of understanding” of the content of the story.
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE (ON THE MATERIAL OF RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH ELECTRONIC SOURCES)
UDC: 81’44:32
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Lyutsiya G. Khismatullina; Dinara Ya. Khuzina; Dilyara B. Garifullina;
In the modern age of globalization and information abundance, when interest in politics is growing,
the study of political discourse, its typology and genre features, basic concepts of politics, phraseological
semantics and syntactics of political texts gains importance. Based on the anthropological and linguocultural
approaches, political discourse is considered as a multi-faceted complex of speech actions in the socio-cultural
and historical space, the achievement of which depends on the choice of linguistic means, among which phraseological
units are of great significance. Purpose. The article is aimed at analyzing the functioning of phraseological
units in political texts presented by Russian and English electronic media. Materials and methods. The research
body contains 850 phraseological units selected from Russian and English Internet sources as Izvestia,
Rossiyskaya Gazeta, Argumenty i Facty, Gazeta, Novaya Gazeta, Inopressa, Vzglyad, Pravda, The Times,
The Guardian, The Telegraph, The New-York Times, The Independent, USA today, NYpost, the Washington Post, The National Interest, etc. for 2015–2020. Comparative discourse analysis implemented in the research helped
to demonstrate the phraseology of political texts and identify general characteristics of the use of political
phraseological units in two genetically non-relative languages. Results, discussion. Political media language
is characterized by the use of phraseological units of two types: “purely political” ones and those related to other
areas of society. The main features of phraseological units in political discourse include informative saturation,
emotional coloring and evaluation, figurativeness, violation of the principle of impenetrability and high
degree of variability. Each aspect is revealed by examples from modern Russian and English media sources.
Conclusion. In both Russian and English electronic publications, the main function of phraseological units
is to make political language expressive, actualize the key message of the text, expand the structural, semantic and stylistic boundaries of political phraseology.
GERMAN ORNITHONYM AAR “EAGLE” AND ITS SLAVIC PARALLELS IN COMPARATIVE AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT
UDC: 81'374.4
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Tatiana F. Sheshkina;
Ornithonyms have a wide field of use and functioning, being, for the most part, language units of
active lexical stock. The study of ornithonyms of different languages, from a comparative historical perspective,
allows revealing linguoculturological and historical peculiarities of peoples who have demonstrated their empirical
experience in the process of bird nomination. Purpose: to study the German ornithonym “Aarˮ and its Slavic
parallels in the etymological, morphological, phonetic and lexical-semantic aspect. Materials and methods. The work
is based on the original German and Slavic lexicographic material. Synchronous-comparative, semantic-nominative
techniques, as well as descriptive method and component analysis method are used. Discussion and results.
German lexicographic sources refer the appearance of the word Aar to the 8th century: OHG. aro, arn, MidHG.
ar, arn, MidLG. ārn(e), ār(e)nt. By the 12th century Aar was replaced by the ornithonym Adler. The Praslavic
root *orьlъ indicates a common Indo-European language substrate for the two language groups. The analysis
of German-Slavic parallels of German ornithonym Aar is given with the involvement of onomastics data.
Conclusion. In the course of the conducted research, the German ornithonym Aar and its Slavic correlates were
characteriszed in terms of their phonetic, morphological, semantic, chronological signs. Both similar and distinctive
features of lexemes were identified in the perspective of the comparative analysis.
WORLD CLASSICS AND YOUTH CULTURE: ON THE EXPERIENCE OF CLASSICAL AND MODERN TEXT INTERPRETATION BY MARSU MASTERS OF PHILOLOGY
UDC:
Section: THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF MASTER'S DEGREE OF THE MARI STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Н. С. Прыгунова, Е. С. Ходыкина, Е. В. Осина, П. С. Воробьева, М. А. Мансурова, С. В. Егошин, Е. В. Карпова Е. В. Карпова;
In 2020, it has been 5 years since the Master's degree program on Philology (45.04.01) was launched in MarSU.
19 graduates have already received full-time Master's degrees (11 of which are honours degrees), and 6 graduates
have received correspondence degrees (3 of which are honours degrees). The graduates of this program work
effectively in the system of higher professional education, as well as in other educational and cultural institutions,
mass media and various companies and organizations working in the spheres of social and educational,
humanitarian and organizational, publishing and communicative activities. It should be noted that the contents
of the program have changed over the time: in particular, the scientific aspect has been strengthened and new
courses have been integrated into the basic educational program. Accordingly, the students are focused
on the solution of the problems that require the application of fundamental knowledge in the field of philology
in the process of preparation of the graduate qualification works. At that, a large number of the works explore
the possibility of using the works of classical literature in the modern age, and such topics as literary folklorism
and the intertextual connections between contemporary post-modern literature and world and domestic literature.
The concepts and ideas of the 2020–2021 graduates' qualification works are presented in this article.
REVIEW TO THE MONOGRAPH “THE ART WORLD OF POETRY AND PROSE OF THE UDMURT CHILDREN’S BOOK WRITER G. A. KHODYREV” / OF T.I. ZAYTSEV, YU.N. RAZIN. IZHEVSK, PUBLISHING CENTER “UDMURT UNIVERSITY”, 2019, 218 P.
UDC:
Section: REVIEWS
Authors: Albina F. Myshkina;
Монография «Художественный мир поэзии
и прозы удмуртского детского писателя Г. А. Хо-
дырева» является актуальным исследованием
в области удмуртской детской литературы. Здесь
проводится исследование творческой индивиду-
альности удмуртского писателя второй половины
ХХ века Германа Алексеевича Ходырева, лите-
ратурный путь которого и отражает основные
тенденции развития национального художествен-
ного слова, адресованного детской аудитории.