VESTNIK 1 (49) 2023
- Title:
- VESTNIK 1 (49) 2023
- Number:
- 1
- Year:
- 2023
- Date publication on the site:
- 2023-04-03 12:29:24
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 16
Scientific report as a form of research activities of schoolchildren in the framework of the subject Olympiad in English
UDC: 378.147
Section: PEDAGOGICS
Authors: Artem P. Gulov;
Introduction. Academic competitions have firmly entered the realities of modern education in the Russian Federation, becoming an instrument not only for the development of creative abilities of young people, but also for the formation of functional literacy of the researcher. Writing texts during intellectual competitions in foreign languages is an effective form of assessing the creative abilities of schoolchildren. The All-Russian Olympiad of Schoolchildren in English is a massive academic event, the research potential of which is designed not only to develop giftedness, but also to influence the portrait of young scientists. The purpose of the study is the analysis of written genres used at the Olympiad, in particular, the scientific report as a form of research activities of schoolchildren. Materials and methods. We have analyzed scientific articles on the topic of conducting and preparing for the Olympiad, as well as studied the sets of test materials of the regional and final stages in the English language, together with the regulatory documentation of the jury experts. Research results, discussion. We have highlighted the features of the “report” genre, noted typical mistakes of participants in solving a speech communicative problem, proposed recommendations for mentors of Olympiads aimed at overcoming them. We have considered the wording of the tasks of previous years with a detailed description of their interpretation. The important role of the introduction of the report into Olympiad is emphasized in connection with the global role of English as the official language of science and technical creativity. Conclusion. The research culture of a young specialist is born in school, and the potential of the All-Russian Olympiad in English allows one to influence the formation of the scientist's personality along with the development of creative abilities.
Trends in the development of consulting activities in the innovative educational environment of the university
UDC: 378.04
Section: PEDAGOGICS
Authors: Sergei Yu. Lavrentiev; Linar G. Akhmetov; Dmitry A. Krylov;
Introduction. The study revealed trends in the development of consulting activities, which are due to the information stage in the development of an innovation-oriented economy based on knowledge. Innovations are considered as a connecting element in the professional training of a future specialist in solving complex problems of today and tomorrow, meeting the need for acquiring competencies that are in demand in a dynamically developing labor market. A feature of the consultant's professional activity is that it extends to various interdisciplinary areas affecting civil law relations, socio-economic, marketing research, innovation, technical and technological developments, psychology and pedagogy. Therefore, the activity in the field of consulting can be considered as a special kind of professional services, a form of management activity, a teaching method, a science and an art. The study is aimed at identifying and substantiating the set of provisions that make up the theoretical and methodological prerequisites for the problem under study: studying the process of implementing innovative technologies for the professional development of a student of a modern university in the process of pedagogical consulting. The trends that distinguish modern socio-economic development from the previous ones are revealed. The purpose of the research is to study the key features of consulting and identify trends in the development of consulting activities in the university innovative educational environment. Materials and methods of research. Methodological literature on the theory and practice of management consulting, special literature on the problems of innovation in the educational environment, inductive-deductive methods of the fundamental principles of psychology and pedagogy of personality development served as materials and methods of research. In addition, a comparative analysis and generalization of Russian and foreign tools in the field of development of consulting activities and systematization of practical experience in applying innovations in the educational environment were used. The main trends and contradictions that determine the implementation of pedagogical consulting in the educational environment are identified, the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the use of innovative educational technologies are analyzed; scientific and theoretical studies on the problem are systematized and the content of the concepts introduced into scientific circulation is clarified.
System-parametric approach in Didactics: development of the theoretical and methodological basis of Didactic engineering
UDC: 378.147:004
Section: PEDAGOGICS
Authors: Svetlana D. Starygina;
Introduction. The heuristic approach to Pedagogy, adopted in world practice for the construction of pedagogical systems, has led to the crisis of education in our era. This approach is implemented in practice as a sequence of paradigms, i.e. the best training samples obtained by heuristic method, each of which maximally corresponds to the challenges and needs of its era. In the era of the digital economy, when society experienced a qualitative leap and the space of life activity changed, i. e. this space changed from real to real-virtual, then in fact it turned out that it was impossible to develop a new educational paradigm on a heuristic approach that meets all the challenges and needs of our (digital) era. As a result of many attempts to overcome this pedagogical crisis, back in the 90s of the last epoch, Didactic engineering was born in the depths of Didactics, as a new methodological branch of this science. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological foundations of Didactic engineering based on a system-parametric approach. Materials and methods. On the basis of a system-parametric approach to the theoretical, methodological provisions of Didactics, as well as, on the basis of a System analysis, building a complex of six reference (key) statements, and then, using them in the context of the SADT model as system-forming ones, a unified theoretical and methodological platform-paradigm was formed as the basis of Didactic engineering. Research results, discussions. Theoretical and methodological foundations of Didactic engineering have been constructed, i. e., a sufficiently complete and integral “system core”-platform has been built for further development as a new methodological branch of Classical didactics. Of course, the results of new achievements in Didactics, Pedagogical psychology, Computer science, Artificial intelligence, etc. were used to develop this platform. There is no doubt that newer generations of didactic SMART systems can also be built on this platform. Conclusion. In the digital age, Didactic engineering is a theoretical and methodological base on the basis of which it is possible to design didactic systems and pedagogical technologies of a new (digital) generation.
Blockchain technology in the higher education system: opportunities and prospects for implementation
UDC: 378.1
Section: PEDAGOGICS
Authors: Vera I. Toktarova; Nikita A. Vershinin;
Introduction. Blockchain as one of the modern promising technologies of the distributed ledger today can have a potential impact within higher education in the field of digital data management and learning. Purpose: to reveal and justify the possibilities and prospects for the implementation of blockchain technology in the sector of higher education. Materials and methods. The materials of the study were scientific papers and regulatory documents covering the issues of digital transformation of education. Theoretical, empirical and mathematical research methods were used in the work. Results, discussion. The paper deals with issues related to the description of aspects of the implementation of blockchain technology in the higher education system. The main thematic areas of application of blockchain technology in the system of higher education are considered: the formation and issuance of digital diplomas and certificates, monitoring the progress and educational activity of students, sharing educational resources and materials, identifying students, confirming copyright, storing documentation and implementing smart contracts. The description of modern blockchain platforms (Ethereum, Hyperlegder Fabric, Quorum) is given. The main advantages and barriers of using blockchain technology in the higher education system are identified. The analysis of educational programs and courses on the study of blockchain technology in international and domestic e-learning platforms is given. A description of the author's software module for identifying users of an information system based on blockchain technology is proposed. Conclusion. It is concluded that the blockchain has a high potential for providing and digital transformation of the education sector. At the same time, in domestic practice, most educational blockchain projects are at the stage of development and testing.
Improving the quality of the educational process through interaction with parents in the digital information environment
UDC: 378
Section: PEDAGOGICS
Authors: Aksar A. Eltemerov;
Introduction. An important task at the state level today is the digital transformation of education, which requires the use of new forms of interaction with parents. A family and an educational organization, by interacting in real space, generate in their environment a special information space of interaction. In this regard, the problem of forming an information space for interaction between a family and an educational institution, which includes the exchange of reliable, relevant socio-pedagogical information between the subjects of interaction, becomes relevant. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of forms of interaction with parents in the digital educational environment. Materials and methods. The study uses a theoretical analysis of scientific publications on this topic and the results of the survey of the teaching staff of educational institutions on interaction with students’ parents in the DEE. The object of the study is the forms of interaction between the teaching staff of educational institutions and students’ parents in the digital educational environment. Research results, discussion. As a result of the empirical study, it was revealed that the teaching staff of universities practically does not interact with students’ parents, only 2 % of respondents answered positively, 98 % of respondents do not use parental assistance. But at the same time 47 % believe that remote interaction with parents through the digital information environment, with proper organization in the education system that does not violate the legal and social rights of teachers, could help solve the problem of academic failure and violation of discipline of individual students. Conclusion. Digital resources in the education system make it possible to organize interaction with students’ parents and solve the problems of providing information about the educational institution, informing the subjects of the educational process about the organization of educational events, providing methodological support for parents and teachers, providing information on the progress and attendance of students, organizing communication with parents online.
Onomasticon of Yanybay Khammatov’s fiction
UDC: 811.512.141'373.21
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Alsyu M. Ishegulova;
Introduction. This article is devoted to the onomastic vocabulary in the pentalogy “Gold is collected in grains” by the Bashkir writer Yanybay Khammatov. The onomasticon is an important component of the writer’s artistic idiostyle, his individual worldview and the veracity of the historical and cultural context. The purpose of this study is to analyze the onomastic vocabulary as a fragment of the writer’s individual linguistic picture of the world, to identify functional features in the text. Materials and methods. The material for the article was the novels from the pentalogy “Gold is collected in grains”. The work uses the method of continuous sampling of lexical material. Research results, discussion. The article pays special attention to anthroponyms and toponyms, which are important and organic linguistic elements of literary texts. The anthroponyms and toponyms used in the texts are an integral part of the context, motivated, conditioned by the narrative, the author’s vision of the work. Conclusion. Through onomastic vocabulary, the writer managed to more fully present the social status, the attitude of the characters, describe the events, the historical, geographical and cultural background on which they unfold, that is, convey the realities of the time, the color of the era.
V. V. Rozanov’s innovative prose as a representation of Russian literary modernism at the turn of the 20th‒21st centuries
UDC: 821.161.1
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Elena P. Kartashova; Tatyana V. Rybakova;
Introduction. The article examines the concepts of “modernism” and “literary modernism” in art and literature of the turn of the 20th‒21st centuries, identifies its origins, signs, varieties based on the material of V. V. Rozanov’s innovative prose. The purpose of the article is to highlight and systematize the content and stylistic-linguistic features of modernist aesthetics in the works written by V. V. Rozanov in a new genre form, which the author himself called “leaves”, in the research literature this genre was called “stream of consciousness”. Materials and methods include such works of V. V. Rozanov as “Embryous”, “Solitary”, “Saharna”, “Fleeting”, “Fallen Leaves”, “Mortal”, “The Apocalypse of Our Time”, “The Last Leaves”. The study of the signs of literary modernism in these works is carried out against the background of the analysis of the writer’s attitude to the literary process of the turn of the 20th-21st centuries and to the work of his contemporaries who share the postulates of modernist aesthetics. Research results, discussion. The innovative prose of V. V. Rozanov has not yet been studied precisely from the point of view of explication of the signs of the aesthetics of Russian modernity, both in a meaningful way and stylistic-linguistic. In conclusion we found that it was the understanding of the origins of Russian modernism as a literary school aimed at radically changing the picture of the world, the rejection of classical worldview concepts, the focus on tragedy, mysticism and the destruction of everyday worldview that led to the change of the traditional written tradition and became one of the reasons for the emergence of the modernist innovative stylistics of V. V. Rozanov which was philosophically comprehended by him, developed and explicated in works related to the genre of “stream of consciousness”. The main stylistic and linguistic features of V. V. Rozanov’s stream of consciousness prose include: paradoxicality, aphoristic nature, paragrafemic, focusing on language game with the reader.
On the issue of a single Mari language
UDC: 811.511.151
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Margarita N. Kuznetsova;
Introduction. In Wikipedia, namely, in articles about the Mari language, is written that the Mari people speak three languages at the present stage: Mari (Meadow–Mari), Hill-Mari and North-Western-Mari. The allocation of three languages is a consequence of the language policy initiated in the 90s of the XX century. The result of this policy, along with other changes, was the “Law on Languages in the Republic of Mari El”, in which the Mari (hill and meadow) became the state language, along with the Russian language. Such an unusual wording of Article 1 of Chapter I of the Law has brought to life the emergence of two new terms: “the Meadow-Mari language” and “the Hill-Mari language”. The purpose of the study. Based on the analysis of modern language policy and with the involvement of linguistic resources of the Mari dialects, to substantiate the unity of the Mari language and propose a new classification of dialects in order to preserve the language. Materials and methods. Statistical data and legislative documents on the functioning of the Mari language at the present stage, scientific publications on the problems of a unified literary language, dialects of the Mari language, considered on the basis of analysis, classification and comparative method. Research results, discussions. The language policy and the language situation of the early 90s of the XX century led to the emergence of two Mari languages. Before that, there was a single Mari language with two literary norms: Meadow-East-Mari and Hill-Mari. The article proves the unity of the Mari language with two historically established literary norms. Attempts to substantiate the independence of the Hill-Mari language are qualified by the author of the article as subjective, stemming from the specifics of the ethnic self-identification of the Hill Mari. Conclusion. The Mari language is linguistically unified. This is evidenced by the vocabulary, the main morphological indicators and the syntax.
Epistemic modality as a way of implementing a communicative strategy in the modern media discourse
UDC: 81'367.7
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Liu Haotian;
Introduction. Within the framework of this study, the role of the category of epistemic modality in the formation of modern media discourse is considered. The purpose of this article is to clarify the role of the category of epistemic modality in the formation of the modern Russian-language media discourse, as well as to highlight the main communicative strategies implemented in this type of discourse involving the category of epistemic modality. Materials and methods. The following sources were used as material for analysis: in Russian – articles from the newspaper “Kommersant” 2019‒2022, 60 articles, 128 contexts were analyzed; dialogues from the podcast “Rosenthal and Guildenstern” 2020‒2021, 7 issues, 62 contexts were analyzed; dialogues and monologues from the video blog “What about talking?” 2019‒2021, 6 issues, 52 contexts were analyzed. The research objectives determined the methods used in the work: discursive analysis, content analysis, semantic analysis, comparative analysis. Research results, discussions. Media discourse is a special type of communication, with the help of which a modern media space is formed, and during the creation of which global and local intentions of communicants are carried out. At the same time, various verbal or non-verbal means are used to achieve maximum communicative effect, among them the category of epistemic modality is one of the ways to implement a communicative strategy. Based on the material of modern media discourse, epistemic modality contributes to the implementation of both general strategies – strategies of informing and influencing, and private ones – strategies of assumption and assertion, and strategies of discrediting and persuasion. Conclusion. Epistemic modality is an important component in the formation of modern media discourse. Its expressions are discursive markers that structure the discourse and are aimed at implementing general and particular communicative strategies.
The principle of ambivalence in the structure of the poetics of N. S. Leskov’s story “The Warrioress”
UDC: 821.161.1
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Irina V. Pozdina;
Introduction. In modern Leskov studies, a general view of N. S. Leskov’s poetics is already being formed as balancing between the extreme points of certain artistic systems. The story “The Warrioress” is based on a very complex combination of heterogeneous elements, primarily dating back to carnival culture and folklore. Folklore elements have ambivalent semantics in this work. Individual events from the life of the main character, Domna Platonovna, correlate with folklore plots, while her other actions contrast with them, which allows N. S. Leskov to create an original “folk story”. The purpose of the study. We are interested in the field of aesthetic discourse itself: ambivalence as an artistic principle that organizes the aesthetic space of the story. Materials and methods. The object of research for us was the story by N. S. Leskov “The Warrioress” (1866) and literary sources of possible influence on the formation of the original artistic concept of a person in the author’s work. The subject of the analysis was the various levels of the poetics of the story and the methods of implementing the principle of ambivalence. With regard to research methods, historical-cultural, comparative-typological, mythopoetic ones have become decisive for us. Research results, discussions. Bakhtin's codes of ambivalence, carnival, trickster archetype, comic and tragic at the level of poetics of Leskov’s stories create a clash of different styles and genre systems. The appeal to possible sources of the original character of Domna Platonovna led us to the idea that in creating his “folk history” Leskov goes in line with the desacralization of the folk character, developing the traditions of writers of the 2nd third of the 18th century, in particular, M. D. Chulkov’s picaresque. The trickster nature of the heroine, ambivalent masks-hypostases, the theatricalization of words and space bring to life dramatic genres in the spirit of carnival poetics of the farce. Domna Platonovna’s life stories and anecdotes, told by herself, are lived and understood by her as an active participation in people’s lives. The finale of this “folk story” is colored with signs of disaster, reveals the ontological properties of her soul: the life of the heart and mercy. In the genre nature, the story “The Warrioress” reveals not only philosophical and mythopoetic layers, but also the ambivalent genre of the parable. Conclusion. Thus, the principle of ambivalence allowed us to distinguish different levels and techniques of poetics of Leskov’s story. In our opinion, the source for Leskov’s original concept of character was the peculiarities of the writer’s artistic consciousness, his tragicomic concept of a paradoxical understanding of life and man.
The scope of the concept of “terminology of computational linguistics”
UDC: 811.161.1
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Olga N. Polshchikova;
Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the concept of “terminology of computational linguistics”. In the professional field of computational linguistics, for the study of language and modeling of the processes of its functioning, computer programs, information technologies for organizing and processing natural language data are developed and used. The rapid increase in the number of special names of this scientific and applied direction contributes to the dynamic and sometimes uncontrollable expansion of the boundaries of the corresponding terminology. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the definition of the phrase “terminology of computational linguistics” based on the analysis of the wording of the definitions of its components. Materials and research methods. The research was carried out using works devoted to the study of theoretical issues of terminology, works on the subject of computational linguistics and automatic processing of natural language, lexicographic and encyclopedic sources. Definitive analysis, description and systematization of terminological units were used as research methods. Research results, discussion. The use of the interpretation is substantiated, according to which the concept of “terminology” is defined as a set of terms correlated with the professional field of activity, related to each other at a clear, lexical-semantic, word-formation and grammatical levels. The analysis carried out showed that the professional language of the interdisciplinary field of computational linguistics contains the terminological units of linguistics, mathematics, informatics and artificial intelligence. Close to the concept of computational linguistics is the terminological phrase “automatic natural language processing”, covering all areas in which computers are used to process language data. Conclusion. As a result of the study, a definition of the terminology of computational linguistics is proposed as a system of special language units designed to codify concepts that are correlated with natural language modeling based on the use of computer technologies.
The functions of the German discourse marker jetzt in monologic and dialogic speech
UDC: 811.112.2
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Olesia F. Serebrova;
Introduction. The focus of this publication is the functional purpose of the discourse marker jetzt in monologic and dialogic speech. The purpose of the study is to compare the functional purpose of the discourse marker jetzt in monologue and dialogue. Examples selected from the DWDS corpus, mainly from the sub-corpus of Parlamentsreden and from the colloquial corpus (Datenbank für gesprochenes Deutsch Database for spoken German), served as research materials. Through the use of descriptive and comparative methods, the method of contextual analysis, the functions of the discourse marker jetzt in oral monologue and dialogue were analyzed. Research results. The study revealed the general and specific properties of the word jetzt as an adverb of time and as a discourse marker. Jetzt, losing its lexical meaning and acquiring the function of a discourse marker, acts as a pragmatic element. Jetzt can be found in both dialogic and monologic speech. At the same time, the differences in the functional purpose of jetzt as a discursive word are due to the very specific characteristics of monologue and dialogue. In monologic speech, the speaker emphasizes the importance of new information and draws attention to the change of circumstances. In dialogic speech, jetzt occurs if the speaker wants to indicate a new aspect that the interlocutor needs to pay attention to. The theoretical significance of the work is determined by the fact that it makes a certain contribution to the study of the functions of discourse markers depending on the communicative situation. The practical significance is determined by the fact that the results obtained can be used in the classes of the German language practice, the theory and practice of intercultural communication and in practical classes of the German language grammar.
Representation of non-verbal behavior of characters in the texts of A. P. Chekhov’s early stories
UDC: 81
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Xu Min;
Introduction. In his literary works, A. P. Chekhov often draws readers’ attention to the forms of behavior of the characters. In a literary text, units of non-verbal behavior applicable to characters acquire special significance. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the language units with which A. P. Chekhov describes the non-verbal behavior of the characters in the stories of the early creative period. Materials and methods. As an object of study, the stories of the early period of A. P. Chekhov’s creativity ‒ “Thick and thin”, “The Chameleon”, “Sergeant Prishibeyev” and “Oysters” were taken. In the course of the work, the method of textual analysis and the descriptive method were used. Research results, discussions. In this work, a number of examples of linguistic units from the named early stories by A. P. Chekhov were selected and analyzed, with the help of which the author describes the non-verbal behavior of the characters and, as a result, achieves a more successful disclosure of his creative intention. To do this, the writer used a wide variety of linguistic means: individual words (verbs, nouns, adjectives) or phrases, as well as stable combinations or whole sentences (and in the story “Oysters” a small fragment of the text). The practical significance of this study lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used in further research activities, as well as in school and university courses for teaching literature at an optional level. Conclusion. With the help of language units, the author describes the gestures of characters during a dialogue or any events, their facial expressions, body position, etc. It is thanks to such descriptions that he achieves a high level of artistry of the text, characterizes the characters from a psychological point of view. Only four stories by A. P. Chekhov served as the object of analysis, but there is no doubt that in many of his other works a lot of attention is paid to descriptions of non-verbal behavior of characters, which allows us to continue further study of the writer’s work in this direction.
Scientific and pedagogical ideas of A. N. Kuklin on linguistic local lore: to the anniversary of the researcher
UDC: 908(479.343):811.511.151
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Flera Ya. Khabibullina; Iraida G. Ivanova;
Introduction. On February 23, 2023, Professor of the Mari State University, prominent and talented Mari linguist Anatoly Nikolaevich Kuklin would have turned 75 years old. His creative activity is connected with the study of theoretical problems of regional toponomastics, contrastive linguistics, controversial issues of ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the peoples of the Uralic language community. The purpose of the article is to present the scientific and pedagogical activity of Anatoly Nikolaevich Kuklin, Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Mari State University (23.02.1948 ‒ 14.05.2016) and describe his contribution to the practice of teaching Mari toponymy in the framework of linguistic local lore. Anatoly Nikolaevich Kuklin was one of the outstanding scientists of the Republic of Mari El, a Finno-Ugric scholar and educator, the author of more than 400 scientific papers in the field of phonetics, general linguistics, toponomastics. Of particular note is the contribution of A. N. Kuklin to the study of linguistic local studies in the framework of the theory of toponomastics. The main directions of the scientist’s activity are: research in the field of onomastics, establishment of kinship relations of words in toponymy, explanation of the origin of toponyms; interpretation of the processes of mutual influence and mutual enrichment of languages of the Ural-Volga historical and ethnographic region; development of educational and methodological manuals for educational institutions of the Republic of Mari El. A. N. Kuklin was a Professor (1999), High Achiever of Public Education (1991), Honored Scientist of the Republic of Mari El (1998), Honorary Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation (2006), Honored Worker of Science and Education (2014), founder of the scientific school “Mari Onomatology”. Conclusion. A. N. Kuklin considered toponymy to be the most important element of the regional educational system, a means of preserving national memory, studying the historical and cultural heritage of his native land, reflected in geographical onyms.
The Sea as a conceptual dominant in Greek cultural identity
UDC: 81'42: 811.142
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Elina P. Chakalova; Zarina A. Faramazyan;
Introduction. The study of national character and culture has always been of interest to researchers, and linguists often turn to a literary text to achieve this goal, since a literary text conveys a unique association and original meanings to the reader. In order to reveal the mentality of the people, scientists seek to identify key linguocultural concepts and describe their structure in detail. The purpose of our research is to study the universal concept of Nature, and to highlight the culturally determined dominant of the Sea, that is specific to the Greek picture of the world. Materials and methods. The article examines examples and analyzes the linguistic means of expressions from the literary texts of Greek classics (N. Kazandzakis, A. Karkavitsas, I. Venezis), as well as English authors (J. Fowles, G. Durrell, L. Durrell), who traveled around Greece. The plots of all these novels are based on Greek reality. In the works of the above-mentioned authors we come across characteristic illustrations of Greek reality and worldview. When working with texts, a complex methodology was used, namely: contextual and comparative analysis. Results, discussion. The features of the national worldview are reflected in the illustrations of nature. The complex structure of the concept of Nature is perceived differently by people of different cultures. The core of the concept of Nature in Greek awareness is the concept of the Sea. Conclusion: in this article Nature is analyzed as a marker of national identity, and the Sea is characterized as a key linguistic and cultural notion of Greek reality.
Bannik in the modern oral tradition of the Nizhny Novgorod region: mythological and linguistic aspects of the image
UDC: 398.32
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Yuliya M. Shevarenkova;
Introduction. Superstitious characters (“masters” of the house and natural locations) and stories about them are a classic theme of Russian folklore, and folk ideas about the brownie, mermaid and devil form an important part of the mythological picture of the world of the traditional peasantry. The purpose of the work is the generalization of modern superstitious ideas and narratives about the mythological owner of the bathhouse (bannik) on the basis of folklore and dialect data on the Nizhny Novgorod region. Materials and methods. The theoretical basis of the article was the research of modern folklorists engaged in the study of mythological prose, the data of folklore expeditions of Lobachevsky University in the Nizhny Novgorod region became the practical material of the study. The main research methods are comparative-historical, analytical, textual. Research results, discussion. In the process of analyzing and comparing oral stories and non-narrative beliefs about the bannik of the second half of the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st century, constant and new features of the image of a bannik, its dialectal nominations in the Nizhny Novgorod oral tradition are revealed. At the same time, the records testify to the loss of the original nomination by the character, nominative combinations with the names of other “evil spirits”, the transition of the image of the bannik into the category of children’s scarecrows, the appearance of an ironic and skeptical attitude towards the superstitions of the “old men” and, in general, forgetting this character. The image of the bannik is currently dominated by the features of the folklore image of the devil (the demon) and the collective image of evil spirits. Conclusion. The work carried out made it possible to identify the plot transformations of the stories about the bannik at the late stage of the existence of the Nizhny Novgorod oral mythological tradition, as well as to state the loss of the character’s original visual and functional appearance. Modern folklore material does not allow us to identify local differences in the image of the bannik.