VESTNIK 2(2)/2015
- Title:
- VESTNIK 2(2)/2015
- Number:
- 2
- Year:
- 2015
- Date publication on the site:
- 2015-11-17 14:56:41
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 22
THE BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF LAYING HENS’EGGS OF DIFFERENT CROSS-LINE AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON INCUBATIVE QUALITY AND FOOD VALUE
UDC: 636.5.082.474
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Yurii Aleksandrovich Aleksandrov ;
Data of comparative research of incubatory qualities of eggs of laying hens of different cross-countries and age are submitted; biochemical indicators of their incubatory eggs. Influence of Kayod and Sel-Pleks feed additives on increase of resilience and efficiency of laying hens, improvement of nutrition and biological value of eggs is studied. Use of a mineral additive “Kayod” and an organic additive of “Sel-Pleks” as a part of the main diet of laying hens increases viability of a bird – the coefficient of safety of a livestock increases by 2,6 and 7,1 %; increases a yaytsenoskost by an initial layer on 6 and 16,6 pieces (for 1 and 5 % respectively); reduces costs of forages of 1,4 and 4,4 % respectively; allows to improve commodity qualities of food eggs due to preservation of carotinoids and to receive the functional food product enriched with the vital microcells iodine and selenium.
ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF MANAGEMENT ON QUANTITATIVE CHANGES OF RIVER FLOW STEPPE ZONES OF UKRAINE
UDC: 631.63:556.5
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Andrei Evgen'evich Bondar;
The article discusses modern condition of the economic impact on the river flow in forest steppe and steppe zones of Ukraine. The main types of economic activities on river catchments and analyzed their impact on river flow of this natural areas was listed.
RESULTS OF TEST A PROTOTYPE OF FRACTIONAL PNEUMATIC SEPARATOR
UDC: 631.928.93
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Aleksandr Ivanovich Burkov ; Andrei Leonidovich Glushkov ; Viktor Alekseevich, Lazykin ;
The article presents results of test prototype of pneumatic separator on various cropswithdifferingphysical and mechanical properties.
THE EFFECT OF PREPLANT ON THE SPREAD OF DISEASE, YIELD AND PHYTOSANITARY QUALITY OF TUBERS
UDC: 635.21;632.95.02
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Alevtina Valentinovna, Gordeeva ; Yurii Alekseevich Lapshin ;
The article presents the results of research aimed at reducing at-harvest losses of potato diseases varieties Bellarosa. In field experiments revealed that pre-planting treatment of seed tubers with injectionsystem Celeste Top at a rate of 0,4 l/t contributed to the increase field germination of tubers by 7,0 % compared with the untreated control. Additional threefold use of fungicides in the growing season of potato plants was substantially contain the spread and development of leaf, stem and tuberous forms of the disease and during the whole vegetation period was provided a favorable phytosanitary situation. No phytotoxic to plants of potato and effective suppression of infection provided a good yield increase and improve its quality. The most marked stimulation of germination of tubers (99,8 %) were observed in the variant with application of the drug Celeste Top, slightly below – 98,5 % in the variant with application of tank mixtures of disinfectants Cruiser + Maxim. In these cases recorded a decrease of paragenesia stems with Rhizoctonia. Not-much less the development of Rhizoctonia restrained the fungicide Maxim. Pre-treatment of tubers is a mandatory element of the technology of potato cultivation, as in the cultivation of this crop without seed treatment product efficiency is reduced in 1,3–1,6 times. Thus, in the control variant the yield amounted to Vila to 12,9 t/ha, and in all other was significantly much higher. The highest yield of potatoes (to 21,7 t/ha) was obtained when planting tubers treated with injectionsystem Celeste Top. Preplant tuber protectants contributed to the increase in weight of tubers, the development of large and medium tubers, and eventually increasing the weight of secondary tubers. Marketability of potato tubers was high and ranged from 92,4 to 100 %. The starch content in potato tubers from the use of disinfectants has been declining since the drugs caused the enlargement of tubers. The content of vitamin C in embodiments, izucheniya elements of technology of cultivation of potato has increased. Calculations of energy efficiency technologies the cultivation of potatoes confirm full cost recovery of energy in an embodiment where when planting the tubers were treated with injectionsystem Celeste Top – the coefficient of energy efficiency technologies 1,84 received the highest amount conditionally net income (138,3 rub./ha) and achieved the highest level of profitability (175 %).
СROP ROTATION AS A METHOD OF WEED CONTROL
UDC: 632.51
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergei Anatol'evich Zamyatin ; Vladimir Mikhailovich Izmest'ev ;
Considered weediness of crops in field crop rotations located on sod-podzolic soils, depending on the technology of straw, stubble clover and level of fertilizer.
THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE VARIETIES OF PISUM SATIVUM IN THE MIDDLE URALS
UDC: 633.3:631.582
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Nadezhda Ivanovna Kasatkina ; Zhanna Sergeevna Nelyubina ;
One of the most important tasks in agriculture is still the problem of the protein. The leading role in its decision belongs to grain legumes, including sowing pea, which is characterized by a high content of protein full of amino acid composition, indispensable for a balanced grain fodder in animal husbandry. For the successful expansion of the area under this crop, it is important to know the level of seed and feed efficiency, depending on the characteristics of the variety, weather conditions, place of cultivation. Field experiments to identify the feed and seed productivity of sowing pea varieties were carried out in 2012–2014 in accordance with the methodology of experimental work at the sod-podzolic medium-loam soil. In the collection nursery were included seven varieties of sowing pea recommended by originators. Meteorological conditions were significantly different in the years of research. On average for 3 years of research collection dry matter of studied sowing pea varieties was 2,7–3,6 t/ha. The trend of increasing the feed efficiency on 0,7–0,8 t/ha was found in varieties Vita, Krasnoufimsky11 and Zauralsky 3. In the dry matter of varieties of sowing pea the content of crude protein was 15,6–17,5 %, the concentration of metabolizable energy was 9,9–10,2 MJ. In one feed unit content of digestible protein was 105–122 g. The most valuable on quality of forage were varieties Vita, Zauralsky 3 and Krasnoufimsky 11. So gross harvest of feed units in these varieties was higher for control at 0,60–0,75 thousand/ha, the exchange energy – at 7,0–8,7 GJ/ha, crude protein – at 0,06–0,19 t/ha. The variety Krasnoufimsky 11 (seed yield – 2,1 t/ha) showed the best seed production.
CHARACTERISTIC OF AYRSHIRSKY CATTLE ОN THE ANTI-GENOME TO STRUCTURE OF BLOOD TYPES
UDC: 636.22.082
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Klavdiya Sergeevna, Novoselova ; Lyudmila Valer'evna, Kholodova ;
The purpose of researches was studying of an allelofond of cattle of ayrshirsky breed and detection of features on anti-gene structure in the specified population. Material of researches were the firstcalf heifers of ayrshirsky breed in number of 50 heads divorced in JSC Mariyskoye. The anti-gene structure of erythrocytes of blood types on 8 systems was determined in laboratory of an immunogenetics of JSC Mariyskoye by breeding work. The conducted researches allowed to establish аллелофонд and the frequency of distribution of anti-genes of blood types of ayrshirsky cattle to JSC Mariyskoye. The most widespread and rare anti-genes of blood types of seven systems are revealed, markers of population of ayrshirsky cattle in the Republic of Mari El are established. Dependence of dairy efficiency, the maintenance of a mass fraction of fat and protein in milk with anti-gene structure of erythrocytes was studied. In 305 days of a lactation in comparison with an average cows with anti-genes in system of EAV had higher yield of milk: B, G, P, Q, T, B'', G', O', P', Q', E'3, K'; in system of EAS: R; in EAS system: S. As a result of researches it was revealed that cattle of ayrshirsky breed in JSC Mariyskoye possesses a big variety of anti-genes of erythrocytes in seven systems of blood types. The most desirable for this population of ayrshirsky cattle is existence of such anti-genes of erythrocytes as: B, G, P, Q, T, B'', G', O', P', Q', E'3, K' R, S. It is undesirable to use manufacturing bulls for insemination of a uterine livestock with such anti-genes as: O1, I', E, X1, X2, F, M.
IMPROVING MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY HORSE BREEDING
UDC: 636.1.034
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Andrei Vladimirovich, Onegov ; Evgenii Dmitrievich, Chirgin ;
Dairy horse breeding in Russia actively develops. Genetic potential of dairy efficiency of horses in the Russian Federation the best in the world. But production technologies of milk of mares aren't really effective. In the Republic of Mari El by means of scientists of the Mari State University dairy efficiency of 3500 kg a year from the Russian Heavy Draft mares and 4000 kg a year from the Lithuanian Heavy Draft mares is reached. But because of imperfection of technologies from one fodder mare in a year receive on 1400 and 1600 kg from the Russian and Lithuanian Heavy trucks, respectively. We offer, using biological features of horses, to change technology of receiving milk of mares. The highest indicator of a lactation of mares is necessary, in our opinion, for 20–25 day of a lactation. Therefore we suggest to begin milking of mares in 8–10 days after the beginning of a lactation. Thus there is an increase in a yield of milk of mares. The yield of milk mares for the first month increases by 38,46 %. Dairy efficiency of mares increases till third month of a lactation. For all lactation dairy efficiency of mares increases for 65,80 %. The intensive technology of cultivation of young growth of horses is developed for foals. At its application of foals take away from mothers aged five months. As a result receive 75–80 % of commodity milk from mares. We suggest to make selection of mares on duration service period. As a result fertility of mares increases from 80 % to 95–97 %. In general application of new technology allows to make from the Russian and Lithuanian Heavy Draft mares in a year, respectively, 5775 and 6600 kg of milk.
THE STUDY OF OPERATION INDICES OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH FUEL PRE-HEATING
UDC: 621.43.057
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergei Aleksandrovich Plotnikov ; Shamil' Viktorovich, Buzikov ; Vasilii Fedorovich, Atamanyuk ;
The system of pre-heating of diesel fuel is developed. We ascertained in theory that heating shortens the preparatory phase of the combustion process. The bench tests of tractor diesel engine when running on preheated fuel were carried out. The starting characteristics and indicator parameters of diesel engine were determined.
NEW FLATTER FOR MANUFACTURE OF GRAIN FORAGES
UDC: 631.353
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Petr Alekseevich Savinyh ; Vladimir Arkad'evich Kazakov ;
Theoretical and experimental researches of parameters of moving of flattening grain in a working zone of two-step flatter at performance by it of technological process of forage are spent. The optimum value of speed of a supply and grain input in a capture point on the first step of flattening is defined: V = ωR = 8 m/s. Character of moving of grain of various crops in the bringing channel of the feeding device of flatter is investigated from the moment of their descent from blades of feeding roll till capture on flattening. Constructive-technological scheme of two-step grain flatter with minimum power consumption of working process and the greatest productivity is developed with account of results of researches.
USING THE CONTROL SEEDING “АRYSH” AM-8,5/28 ON THE LOW-POWER SEEDING MACHINE AGRAER-850H
UDC: 631.334
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Viktor Efimovich, Saitov ; Rinat Gabdullovich, Gataullin ;
The article discusses the application of the system of control seed and fertilizer SLE “Arysh” AM-8,5/28 on the low-power seeding machine AGRAER-850H, which was designed and manufactured by JSC “Malmyzhsky repair plant” (Malmyzh, Russia). Particular attention is paid to the setting up of the system workflow seeding machine. For the economic benefit of using control the seed and fertilizer.
PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF DAIRY COWS OF DIFFERENT
UDC: 636.22/.28.082
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Svetlana Viktorovna Titova ;
The indexes of productive longevity and lifelong productivity of cows of blackly-pied breed are studied depending on influence of bloodedness belonging of cows, bulls-producers.
CAUSES OF DEATH OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE UDMURT REPUBLIC
UDC: 633.111.1:57.045
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Nadezhda Grigor'evna, Tuktarova ;
Under natural conditions, plants of winter wheat during the period of growth and development are subjected to different environmental influences. Adverse weather conditions of autumn-winter period and early spring cause thinning, and often total loss of crops. Therefore, despite the great potential, winter wheat is not widely spread on the territory of the Udmurt Republic. The article examines the main causes of damage to crops of this culture: winterkill, damping-off, heaving, and ice crust. However, the death of winter wheat rarely occurs due to exposure of only one of the above reasons. Often this negative factor is shown as a result of the combined effects on plants of several unfavorable agro-meteorological conditions. Over the past seven years (2008–2014) the winterkill of crops was noted only in 2009. Reducing the air temperature at the beginning of December to –30...–38 °C (at a depth of tillering node –15…–18 °C) with a thickness of snow cover 2–5 cm led to partial loss of crops (overwintering 30 %). Mainly for the winter period in the Udmurt Republic the power of snow cover exceeds an average guaranteed height which is necessary for the protection of winter crops from freezing. The increased temperature at the depth of tillering node bedding in the winter period (–4...0 С) leads to a damping-off and the affection of plants by snow mold and sclerotinia. Heaving and ice crust are not the main damaging factor, but in conjunction with other adverse conditions can cause considerable damage to crops. Therefore, we believe that while cultivating of winter wheat in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic the protection of crops from snow mold and sclerotinia is one of the main agricultural practices.
ТHE EFFECT OF SEEDING TIME ON PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES
UDC: 633.111.1:631.53.04
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Oksana Mikhailovna Turaeva ; Stanislav Sergeevich Zhirnykh ;
Winter wheat is one of the most valuable crops that can generate high yields. In the conditions of the Udmurt Republic during snowy and long winters seeds of winter wheat have exposed to adverse factors, in the result it may strongly thin out or die completely, thus causing a decrease and significant fluctuation level of productivity for years. One of the decisive factors in safe overwintering of winter wheat is the optimum seeding time. Adjustment of seeding time of winter grain is relevant in relation to the general climate warming in the region and increasing the autumn growing season. The research purpose is the study of the effect of seeding time on the yield of winter wheat. The research was conducted on experimental field of the Udmurt research Institute of agriculture in 2013–2014, the Experience laid down by the split plots in four replications. The object of research are varieties of winter wheat: Moscowskaya 39 (control), Italmas, Mera, and sowing dates: August 23–25 (control), 28–30 August, September 3–5, 8–10 September. The obtained results showed that even under adverse weather conditions prevailing in the winter and spring of 2014, when sown from 24 to 29 August, the overwintering of crops was higher (42–47 %), grain yield for the studied varieties ranged 1,41–2,08 t/ha. The delay with the seeding time resulted in lower overwintering (22–29 %) and yields (0,75–0,97 t/ha). The variety Mera due to better overwintering formed a higher grain yield.
СREATING MEAT WITH A GIVEN LEVEL OF QUALITY, FOOD AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE
UDC: 664.92/.94
Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Elena Vasil'evna Tsaregorodtseva ;
Wide promotion of healthy food in modern life results in increasing consumer interest to its use and therefore encourages the use of non-traditional types of meat which is a source of complete animal protein. The need of using a rabbit as a raw material for the production of products with high biological and nutritional value is undeniable especially in Republic Mari El where the rabbit breeding was contributed by historical experience and skills and rabbits are the numerous local resource. The increase of biological value of the consumer daily food menu is being proposed by developing rabbit ham.
THE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS IN TERMS OF CRISIS
UDC: 338.24
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Aleksei Valer'evich Alexandrov ;
The article is devoted to overcoming the crisis on farms, strategy selection, adaptation of the structural parameters, planning and implementation of structural reforms in terms of the crisis management in agricultural organizations.
THE FEASIBILITY OF ATTRACTING DEBT CAPITAL IN COMPANY’S FINANCIAL ACTIVITY
UDC: 336.648
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Elena Vjacheslavovna Kalabashkina ;
The important problem in financial activity is the effective management of debt capital. The article defines forms and objectives of attracting debt capital. The stages of effective management system of debt capital are reviewed. The mechanism of influence of financial leverage on the equity profitability is expounded in detail.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF HUMAN POTENTIAL ON HOUSING MARKET OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT
UDC: 339.13.017,519.862.6
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Tat'yana Nikolaevna, Kokotkina ;
The purpose of article is the analysis of a current state of housing market of the Volga Federal District in general and in regional aspect in particular in a section of security of the population with housing. For research the statistical data presented by bodies of the state statistics were chosen as materials. Research methods: methods of initial processing of statistical information, collecting, analysis, synthesis group, correlation and regression analysis, methods of the cluster analysis. Within carrying out research the analysis of influence of human potential on housing market of Volga federal district is made. From the chosen initial data after the analysis of a matrix of pair coefficients of correlation the factors having the greatest impact on housing market of Volga federal district are defined. Social factors concerned to them: “number of doctors (one thousand people)”, “release of experts, bachelors, masters (one thousand people)” and demographic factor: “the expected life expectancy at the birth (years)”. On the chosen indicators multiple linear regression was constructed. Regions of the Volga Federal District were broken by methods of the cluster analysis into some groups (clusters). Some group statistics for the cluster containing the Republic of Mari El are analysed.
FEATURES OF PROPERTY AS A COMMODITY AND AN OBJECT OF INVESTING REPUBLIC OF MARI EL
UDC: 332:330.322.214(470.343)
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Svetlana Gennad'evna Kreneva ; Elena Nikolaevna Khalturina ;
The authors assessed the investment funds investing in real estate as a tool in improving the socio-economic development of the Republic of Mari El. We consider the situation of the region through the creation of new real estate. The forecast commissioning of residential real estate.
CYBERNETIC ASPECT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVE AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS STUDY
UDC: 338.24.01
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Mariya Vladimirovna Lezhnina ;
System-forming factors of agricultural production are allocated. The algorithm of development and adaptation of the managerial decision in the agrarian sector is presented.
ECONOMIC CONDITION OF COUNTRY (FARMER) ECONOMY OF MARI EL REPUBLIC
UDC: 332.111.66
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Micheeva ;
Country (farmer) economy is a basis of business in agrarian sphere. They have taken the appreciable place in multi-structure rural economy. In article the condition of farms and individual businessmen in the field of manufacture of production of plant growing and animal industries is considered.
URGENT WAYS OF REDUCING RISKS FROM LOSSES ON THE STOCK MARKET
UDC: 336.761
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Aleksei Yur'evich Fairuzov ; Leonid Evgen'evich Likhachev ; Anatolii Anatol'evich Smirnov ;
Due to the rapid growth of stock market popularity at present managing risks has become of current interest. The article considers sectoral and instrumental ways of risks diversification.