The article deals with some linguistic and cultural peculiarities of lexical and phraseological units with the semantics of speech in the Russian language. The aim of the article is to give linguistic cultural characterics of lexemes and idioms. It appears as linguistic-cultural phenomenon, is included in a cultural context and enables a person to become a carrier of a certain culture. In particular, an attempt to relate the words with the semantics of the question with the codes of culture was made, that the linguist V. V. Krasnykh, specialist in, In psycholinguistical distinguishes. Red. In the token with a transparent inner form. An attempt to correlate the SEM, semen and relationships in the semantic structure with the archetypes and etymological value. Also into account modern lexical and grammatical meanings of the words is taken. Basic codes of the culture, correlated with the speech, substantiated the relationship of lexical and phraseological units and mentifacts in Russian culture. Investigates change the values of some units. This article draws on material compiled and edited multimedia dictionary “The red book of the Russian language”, which is being developed in the framework of the project “Red book of the Russian language”. An attempt to create the image of a speech as a phenomenon of human life and activity in a Russian linguistic culture. The description of the linguistic and cultural characteristics of speech enshrined in the values of adjectives and nouns with semantics of evaluation. Connotations are also considered as an important element of linguistic and cultural analysis of lexical units of the language. An attempt to analyze the relationship connotations from an etymological value (example with the archetype “to speak”) was made. The paper is an attempt of characterization of the semantics in linguistic and cultural, ethnolinguistic, etymological aspect.