In the article based on the Mari ASSR materials the repressive politics of the Soviet State concerning peasantry is shown. During collectivization of agriculture and formation of kolkhozes prosperous peasants («kulaks») were evicted to GULAG. Their property was confiscated and given to kolkhozes. Having returned to their native places of living by 1937 the evicted «kulaks» were subjected repressions due to the secret order 00447 of 30 June, 1937 signed by USSR NKVD narkom (people’s commissar) N.I. Yezhov.