Updating the vocabulary of any language is continuous, since the development of society is reflected in the ocabulary, and changes in language composition lead to lexical innovations. Significant changes in the political life of the states of the world at the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI centuries predetermined the appearance of a large number of neologisms in many languages. The Franco-German axis is fundamental in the European Union. Germany and France, as leaders of European integration, accumulate and produce lexical innovations that can fully reflect the modern political landscape, caused by both internal and external events, reforms, the migration and economic crisis, the fight against terrorism and international crime, the organization of new political and military alliances, with the protection of human rights and many other factors of the political life of modern Europe and the world. This explains the appearance of dictionaries of new words, as well as the publication of annual lists of additions of neologisms to classical dictionaries. The purpose of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the dictionaries of political neologisms of the German and French languages, to identify the most characteristic trends in their vocabulary, to establish the general and specific in the formation of neologisms in the political sphere. The object of the study is political neologisms, presented in monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, the subject is the ways of forming new lexical units in the political sector of the compared lan-guages. The material for the study was political neologisms, selected by the method of continuous sampling from the dictionary of D. Steffens and O. A. Nikitina, “German-Russian Dictionary of Neologisms”, as well as the dictionaries Le Petit Robert, Le Petit Larousse, La Toupie in French. The article uses comparative, lexicographic, component, word-formation analysis. The following main ways of forming new words in the field of politics are considered: semantic, word-formation and borrowing. Neologisms are divided into lexical-semantic groups expressing two basic concepts of political discourse: “power” and “politician”. Productive methods of political vocabulary enrichment in the studied languages are revealed. It has been established that the most common methods for the formation of neologisms in French and German are suffixation, prefixation, word-combination, telescopy, and to a lesser extent abbreviation. The studied material can be used in reading theoretical courses and conducting seminars on lexicology, comparative typology, country studies, theory and practice of translation, and so on.