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Title article: STRESS IN THE VOLGA AND FINNO-UGRIC LANGUAGES
UDC: 811.511.15’342.8/9
Section: PHILOLOGY
Authors: Polyakov Osip E.
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The Volga languages (Moksha, Erzya and Mari), as well as other Finno-Ugric languages (Finnish, Estonian and other Baltic-Finnish, Saami, Hungarian, Khanty, Mansky, Udmurt, Komi) are the languages of the Ural family. The Finno-Ugric languages retained many Uralic language features, for example, the lack of prefixes, the presence of post-position constructions, the absence of the grammatical category of the gender, the presence of the grammatical category of possessiveness, but there were also various features, including the use of the stress. This article will provide the information on the use of the stress in various Finno-Ugric languages, but special attention is paid to its use in the Volga (Moksha, Erzya and Mari) languages. In this study, we have applied not only a descriptive method, but also a comparative one. Giving the characterization of accent in the Volga languages, the author starts from the position that the stress is verbal, syntagmatic and phrase. A special type of emphasis is considered logical, the essence of which is to emphasize in the sentence the most important word. Thus, the materials of our article indicate that the emphasis in the Finno-Ugric languages, in general, is not semantic. In some cases, in the Mari language, it plays a semantic role (шéрге “dear” – шергé “crest”). Independent syllabic stress in most Finno- Ugric languages is syllable, in Erzyan it is miscellaneous, in Moksha language the stress falls on the first syllable. However, under certain phonetic conditions, the stress shifts to another syllable, in the Mari and Udmurt languages it is found on the last or penultimate syllable, in the Permian Komi – the place of stress depends on the morphological composition of the word. It is known that the vowel under stress must be longer. Nevertheless, the experimental analysis carried out in the phonetic laboratory of the Leningrad University showed an interesting result: the duration of the stressed vowel in the word áва “woman” was 150 msec, and 190 in the unstressed vowel.

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