The purpose of the real research consists in identification and the analysis of difficulties and typical mistakes of the Uzbek students when studying Russian as foreign. Written works and oral statements of students of preparatory department of the Chuvash state university act as the main material of a research. During the analysis various groups of difficulties with a support have been allocated for extralinguistic and linguistic criteria. In work descriptive and comparative methods are used. The main difficulties of development of Russian caused by an interlingual interference, connected with influence of graphic, phonetic, grammatical features of Uzbek, native for students, are specified. The typical spelling and grammatical errors capable to create serious barriers in the course of communication with native speakers of Russian and during further training in the Russian higher edu-cation institution are described. Specifics and purpose of receptions and methods of work for their use on classes in Russian as foreign with students from the former Soviet republics for the purpose of increase in learning efficiency are considered. The attention to considerable motivational advantages of professionally focused training of foreign students is paid. The conclusion about need to consider distinctive features of Uzbek and culture in comparison to the Russian linguistic culture for productive work on elimination of mistakes in the speech of foreign students is drawn.