Introduction. Modern linguistic science is interested in the semantic side of the linguistic facts, structural-semantic study of certain relations. The complexity of separating the different semantic relations in the Turkic languages is associated primarily with the fact that the same formal parameters (means of communication) can be used to express multiple values and the same semantics is able to representative different means. So, the con-ditional form is -sa (directly is the formal index of conditionality) can be used in constructions that express various semantic relations. The aim of this study is to identify the semantic relations expressed by the form of the condi-tional mood of the verb on the material of the Turkic languages. To achieve this goal assumes the following tasks: to study the semantics of the conditional mood of the verb in ancient monuments; to identify models of the conditional in the Turkic languages; to analyze the structural and semantic peculiarities of the constructions with the form of the conditional mood of the verb. The study was conducted using the conceptual apparatus of modern theories of linguistic categories and of ideas about the role and functions of conditional form of the verb as in the system of organization of language and context. Materials and methods. Material for research was brought from the ancient monuments, small genres of Turkic folklore, speaking. During the work were applied methods of linguistic description, modeling and transformation analysis. Results. In the study it was found that temporal and causal relations are expressed the most commonly with forms of the conditional mood of the verb, which is a specialized tool of representation of conditionality, the structural-semantic conditional relations manifest themselves with temporal and causal relations actively. Discussion and Conclusions. Prospects for further research of the problem is seen in the creation of modern semantic theories of syntax of Turkic languages.