This article represents an attempt at setting up teaching and educational process within the Russian educational system on the basis of realization of the philosophical principle «unity in diversity» stated by the prominent Russian philosopher K. Leontiev and his followers N. Danilevsky and L. Gumilyov. The realization of this principle by the participants of the experimental research conducted by the Federal Institute for Education Development in Russia assumes the use of the elements of cultural assets of the representatives of all ethnic groups represented in a certain educational collective in the course of moral, civil and patriotic education of the youth.