The article presents the theoretical framework and the practical results of the identification and validation of the organizational and pedagogical conditions of effective formation of professional competitiveness of modern high school graduates. The authors of this study derived from the assumption that the solution to the problem of formation of professional competitiveness of students is possible, taking into account: organizational aspect (organization of educational process in the model) and personal aspect (interaction of subjects of educational process). The study provides the author's definition of organizational and pedagogical conditions, as a set of external circumstances of the educational process and the internal features of the student's personality, on which depends the formation of professionally significant qualities of the person of a competitive specialist. It is established that such organizational and pedagogical conditions include: the organization of competitive, motivated learning and cognitive activity of students using active methods and interactive forms of learning; the organization of socio-educational university partnerships; the introduction of the educational process of the university a special course “Uspehologiya (Successology) – self-development of personal and professional competitiveness”; conducting systematic diagnosis of the level of formation of competitiveness of students and implementation, as necessary work on its updating.