In this article the presence of political neologisms in French and Russian modern monolingual dictionaries is studied. Relevance of this research is caused by large using of new words in political discourse under the conditions of absence of specialized dictionaries explaining their meaning. The purpose of this article is studying of lexicographical description of modern political neology in French and Russian languages by method of continuous sampling of lexical items from general suite of new lexis, presented in monolingual dictionaries. The analysis of domestic and exterior researches in political neology is carried out. Among Russian lexicographical sources of modern words “The newest definition dictionary of Russian language of XXIst century” by Shagalova was chosen. Among French lexicographical sources the non-legible forms of established French dictionaries Le petit Larousse and Le Petit Robert are studied. Every year they publish neologisms and expressions changed their meanings in Les mots nouveaux section. The main ways of new word formation in political sphere are discerned: semantic, word-formative and loanword. Productive ways of political vocabulary accumulation are determined. The neologisms are organized into lexico-semantic groups, expressing two main concepts of political discourse: “authority” and “politician” (state/country, national symbols, parties/political movements and their participants and adherents/opponents, foreign/inner politics, governing bodies; chief of state and heads of bodies of government). Quantitative comparison of neologisms, relating to these lexico-semantic groups in French and Russian language is made