VESTNIK 1(2) 2007
- Title:
- VESTNIK 1(2) 2007
- Number:
- 1
- Year:
- 2007
- Date publication on the site:
- 2014-06-03 11:13:20
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С ЧЕГО НАЧИНАЛСЯ МАРИЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
UDC: 378
Section: THE HUMANITIES
Authors: Hlebnikov;
The article presents the way the Mari State University was being created. The author, candidate of philosophical sciences Е.A. Khlebnikov investigates the State Archives original documents of the Republic of Mari El, letters to the CPSU Central Committee and Council of Ministers of the USSR signed by the leaders of the republic. The documents used in the article have never been published be-fore.
РОССИЙСКАЯ ПРОВИНЦИЯ В РЕВОЛЮЦИИ 1917–1918 ГОДОВ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ЦАРЕВОКОКШАЙСКОГО УЕЗДНОГО СОВЕТА КРЕСТЬЯНСКИХ ДЕПУТАТОВ КАЗАНСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ)
UDC: 947 + 957
Section: THE HUMANITIES
Authors: С.В. Стариков;
The article deals with the problems of the Revolution development 1917-1918 in the Russian provinces. On the basis of the documents of the Tsarevokokshaisk District Council of Peasant Deputies the peasants’ participation in the events, the activities they were occupied with, the role of the left-wing parties in political struggle and the way they solved social problems are presented.
Дворцовые крестьяне Марийского края в конце XVI–XVIII веков
UDC: 947.1/9
Section: THE HUMANITIES
Authors: А.Г. Иванов;
Tsar’s serf peasants in the Mari region belonged to Russian peasants. Their estate and legal position depended on a powerful feudal landowner who represented tsar’s family. Social and economic processes in material production and trade were quite evident. In the XVIII century, some prosperous tsar’s serf peasants turned into merchants and petty bourgeoisie. The level of housekeeping among them was average. A part of poor peasants became hunters, barge haulers and carriers.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ МОЛОДЕЖНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ
UDC: 329.7
Section: THE HUMANITIES
Authors: Т.А. Золотова;
In the article the main constituents of the youth’s world outlook are determined. The research is carried out on the text material widely spread among regular computer users, Harry Potter’s fans, Tolkien’s admirers and fans of rock music living in Mari El Republic. The types and mechanisms of interrelation between youth subcultural creativity, traditional culture and modern mass culture are investigated.
The article is meant for professors, schoolteachers, postgraduates, students, and for all those who are interested in youth culture.
СТРУКТУРНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ СИНТАКСИЧЕСКИХ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ В МАРИЙСКОМ И РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
UDC: 801.5 (809.452.1 + 808.101.2)
Section: THE HUMANITIES
Authors: Л.А. Абукаева;
The article is focused on comparative research in the structural organization of phraseological con-structions in the Mari and Russian languages. Similarity is found in the principles of their organization models; difference is shown in the character of constant components, in the quantity of facultative and variable components.
ФИЛОСОФСКАЯ КАРТИНА МИРА
UDC: 316.477
Section: THE HUMANITIES
Authors: А.В. Маслихин;
Philosophical Image of the World. Two principles, scientific-theoretical and practical-spiritual, are organically concerted in Philosophy. At present, Philosophy serves simultaneously both as specific science and Weltanschauung conditioned to human being. The philosophical image of the world is being created by professional philosophers. Creation of the philosophical image of the world is available on the basis of the acknowledgement of: a) dialectical evolution of the world; b) top reality of a man and human world in both aspects – social and inner ones. The laws of environment give us the key to the comprehention of life dialectics which allows Philosophy to be a methodological tool of wisdom in developing the Universe.
К ВОПРОСУ О ПРАВЕ И ПРАВАХ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
UDC: 342.7
Section: THE HUMANITIES
Authors: В.Б. Голубев;
The problem of human rights remains urgent despite the constitutional acknowledgement of citizens’ rights and duties in many countries of the world. The article presents the analysis of correlation between law and human rights, the rights of the individual and the state.
ЯЗЫЧЕСТВО И НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ САМОСОЗНАНИЕ НАРОДА
UDC: 2
Section: THE HUMANITIES
Authors: В.С. Соловьёв;
This article deals with the definition of pagan religion’s place and role in the formation of people’s national identity. At the same time religion itself was not the very factor that defined people’s ethnical mentality. Religion being itself created by people and being a part of its culture during the period of ethos consolidation was used by people to maintain their ethnical values and ethnical image. Religion with its pagan variants is also necessary today to solve national problems as it is not always usefully engaged in this process. This is the subject of the author’s analysis of traditional religious beliefs of the Russian and Mary people.
ОБ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ КОНСТИТУЦИЕЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ХАРТИЕЙ
UDC: 34
Section: THE HUMANITIES
Authors: Т.Н. Михеева; Д.С. Михеев;
The article presents a comparative analysis of the Russian Constitution and the European Charter of Local Government Regulations that defines the place and role of local governments within the state mechanisms of Russia and the Charter countries. Despite certain differences between the above men-tioned acts the principal Charter rules were perceived by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and were introduced into the Russian legal system.
ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ УЧАЩИХСЯ
UDC: 159
Section: THE HUMANITIES
Authors: А.Г. Смирнов; С.А. Кадыкова;
The creation of special psychological and educational conditions directed to the formation of cognitive, affective and behavioural components of ethnic identity promotes the development of positive ethnic identity. At the same time great importance is given to the socialization of an individual in his native linguistic environment, ethnic cultural knowledge acquisition and skills in interpersonal and intercultural communication.
МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ КУЛЬТУРЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ
UDC: 008
Section: THE HUMANITIES
Authors: Г.Е. Шкалина ;
New problems in science and education are caused by current cultural and ethnic factors, their synthesis. The most important among them are connected with traditional models of upbringing, education, art, religion and ideology. Their task is to secure the reproduction of society as stable cultural integrity. Different societies and epochs, civilizations and nations have stored various technologies of people’s consolidation. Multicultural societies in which one can find different methods of cultural identity manifestation are of special significance. The system of higher education is solving the problem of entering common cultural-informational continuum through the study and acceptance of different cultures and languages, the development of social multilinguism and multiculture.
ПАРАМЕТРЫ РАБОЧИХ ОРГАНОВ КОМБИНИРОВАННЫХ АГРЕГАТОВ И ИХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ
UDC: 631.319
Section: AGROCULTURE, ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY SCIENCES
Authors: Г.С. Юнусов; М.М. Ахмадеева; Г.Г. Эдвардссон;
The article describes the advantages of surface soil processing on the territory of northern and central non-black earth parts of Russia.
The method of components calculation of combined agricultural machines is also given, their economic efficiency.
ВЛИЯНИЕ АГРОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ НА МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКУЮ АКТИВНОСТЬ ПОЧВЫ
UDC: 631.4
Section: AGROCULTURE, ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY SCIENCES
Authors: C.И. Новосёлов; Е.С. Новосёлова; А.А. Завалин; Т.Х. Гордеева;
The article states that the most favourable conditions for microbiological processes on the sodpodzol soils are: the temperature of + 15 ... + 25 C, the moisture of 20-25% and the density of 1,1-1,2 g/сm3
ФУНГИСТАЗИС ПОЧВЫ ПРИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИИ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СРЕДСТВ ЗАЩИТЫ
UDC: 633.1
Section: AGROCULTURE, ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY SCIENCES
Authors: Т.П. Иванова; Н.В. Соколова;
The paper analyses the influence of Phundazol and Agat 25K on phungistasis and biological soil ac-tivity, the appearance of root mould and spring wheat capacity.
МИКРОМИЦЕТЫ И ФИТОТОКСИЧНОСТЬ ПАХОТНЫХ ДЕРНОВО-ПОДЗОЛИСТЫХ ПОЧВ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНОГО НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМЬЯ РОССИИ
UDC: 632.95.024.4
Section: AGROCULTURE, ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY SCIENCES
Authors: О.Г. Марьина-Чермных; Г.С. Марьин; С.А. Замятин;
Microorganisms and their interaction with plants in the crop rotation were explored in the Republic of Mari El in the north-eastern part of the Russian non-chernozem zone. The article claims that if the number of useful microorganisms in the root zone of cultivated plants grows their species diversity decreases. It demonstrates that the lack of organic substance in ploughed fields has a negative effect on the root zone because of toxins secreted by microorganisms.
К ВОПРОСУ О СОЗДАНИИ МЯСНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕБНО-ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОГО ПИТАНИЯ
UDC: 614
Section: AGROCULTURE, ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY SCIENCES
Authors: О.Ю. Петров;
Meat is a good basis for the production of functional products. For the development of disease pre-ventive food products it is necessary they should have certain qualities and characteristics and contain a component which makes them functional.
Since iodine deficiency is a serious problem high-quality meat ingredients with algae characterized by high natural contents of this microelement should be included into recipes.
Organic iodine combinations are therapeutic remedy for all the diseases caused by iodine deficiency in human body. They normalize the functions of the thyroid gland more quickly than the corresponding amount of iodine sodium.
АНАЛИЗ МЕТОДОВ ОЦЕНКИ СОСТОЯНИЯ ИЗОЛЯЦИИ СЕЛЬСКИХ РАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ СЕТЕЙ 10-35 КВ
UDC: 621.31
Section: THE HUMANITIES
Authors: Л.М. Рыбаков;
The article explores the reasons of insulation failure in the rural distributing networks of 10-35 Kw. It presents the analysis of methods of control, their drawbacks and shows the prospects for the devel-opment of the facilities diagnosing elements of rural distributing networks.
ДЛЯ ЧЕГО НУЖНА ИСТОРИЯ НАУКИ? (ВЗГЛЯД ГЕНЕТИКА)
UDC: 613.523.55
Section: NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: Н.В. Глотов;
The main objective of the history of science is to analyse the development of scientific ideas in the course of time. Such analysis allows us to improve our understanding of the contribution to the pro-gress of science made by different approaches of researchers, as well as to assess the prospects for future development. In this paper, the development of genetics and evolutionary theory is used as an illustration to discuss the role of scientific environment, to study classical research and biographies of the great scientists of the past and to understand the inseperability of science and education.
ХИТИН-ГЛЮКАНОВЫЕ КОМПЛЕКСЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ВЫСШИХ ГРИБОВ
UDC: 541.64.995.12
Section: NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: В.П. Ившин; Л.Ю. Грунин; С.Д. Артамонова; Ф.Ф. Шарнина; Т.Н. Ившина;
Properties of chitin-glucane and chitin-glucane-melanin complexes allocated from various kinds of native biomass of the mushrooms of classes Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes in the Republic of Mari El with the use of a new technique are investigated and comparison of their structure with the structure of crab chitin is presented in the article. Evolution of the material’s structure is investigated at different stages of processing. It is found that all materials are characterized by high maintenance of chitin and due to characteristics as sorbate they surpass cotton cellulose and are comparable with chitosan. Structurally, properties depend both on the kind of a mushroom and on the way of their reception. The possibility of creation chitin materials with the set properties by monitoring the ratio of basic components in heterogeneous structure (chitin-glucan-melanin) is shown.
Российское популяционно-онтогенетическое направление научных исследований и его развитие в Марийском госуниверситете
UDC: 581.5
Section: NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: Л.А. Жукова;
The article considers the history of the population-ontogenetic direction in plant ecology being of high priority for Russia and the formation of its center at the Mari State University. The basic concepts of the direction, the map of 67 Russian and contiguous states’ research centers, the main branches of research at the Department of Ecology and their know-how are presented in the article.
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ ОНТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ РАСТЕНИЙ ПО ИЗМЕНЕНИЮ АКТИВНОСТИ МАГНИЙ-ЗАВИСИМОЙ АТФ-АЗЫ
UDC: 58
Section: NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: О.Л. Воскресенская; Е.А. Алябышева;
In ontogenesis of plants of different biomorphs (Calendula officinalis L., Valeriana officinalis L., Plantgo major L., Polemonium caeruleum L.) АТР-asa and the maintenance of macroenergy phos-phorus were defined in natural and anthropogenic broken ecosystems.
Within a day the curve of change in activity of АТР-asa in seeds of plants looked like one-topmost curve with a maximum in 24 hours after swelling. The greatest activity has been marked at C. officinalis. In sprouts, a decrease in activity of enzyme was marked. During the further growth of plants the activity of АТР-asaslco grew, thus the maximal values of enzyme activity have been marked in leaves at im-individuals of V. officinalis, C. officinalis and P. caereleum, j-and g1-individuals of P. major. In pregenerative and generative periods of researched plants’ ontogenesis the level of enzyme activity in underground bodies was 20-30 % lower than in leaves. Individually adaptable mechanisms in maintenance of internal homeostasis of plants were revealed.
In condition of atmospheric air pollution the change in plants power balance was observed: activity of АТР-asa grew by 2,2-3,4 times, the maintenance of macroenergy phosphorus almost by 30% in com-parison with the controlling ones.
Thus, mechanisms of plants ontogenesis stability towards a complex of anthropogenous factors are presented in the paper.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТОХАСТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ХИМИЧЕСКИХ РЕАКЦИЯХ МЕТОДОМ ЭПР
UDC: 543.429.23
Section: NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: А.А. Косов; Г.Н. Косова;
The method of Green’s temperature functions is used to obtain formulas for the dynamic spin sus-ceptibility for molecules taking part in the chemical reaction. Time dependence of ESR line in chemical reaction was determined. It was found that the value of fluctuations in this system can be determined by means of ESR measuring.
РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ МАРИЙ ЭЛ
UDC: 574
Section: NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: Г.А. Ситников; А.В. Леухин; А.Р. Сазонов; А.М. Андреев;
The article presents the results of the research on radiation and ecological investigation in the Republic of Mari El. It is suggested that Chernobyl catastrophe may have affected the situation. The maps presenting soil contamination by radiation nuclei are also shown.
АНТИОКСИДАНТНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ФУРОСТАНОЛОВОГО ГЛИКОЗИДА ИЗ ДИОСКОРЕИ ДЕЛЬТОВИДНОЙ. ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НА ИЗОЛИРОВАННЫХ МИТОХОНДРИЯХ ПЕЧЕНИ
UDC: 577.23
Section: NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: О.В. Кожина; М.А. Шаталова; А.М. Носов; В.Н. Самарцев;
The accumulation of conjugated dienes in the resting state in liver mitochondria at oxidation of succinate in the presence of rotenone and oligomycin is shown in the present work. It testifies to free radical reactions in mitochondria which initiate lipid peroxidation. Incubation of mitochondria with furostanol glycoside results in inhibition of accumulation of conjugated dienes. Similar action have antioxidants – free radical scavengers – thiourea and trolox. Furostanol glycoside does not influence respiration of mitochondria in the absence or in the presence of palmitate only. At the same time in the presence of palmitate respiration of mitochondria is not suppressed by aspartate or carboxyatractylate being added after palmitate, but at their addition in the reverse order – carboxyatractylate after aspartate or aspartate after carboxyatractylate – these agents essentially inhibit the respiration. These data are considered to be the evidence of formation of uncoupling complex with participation of ADP/ATP- and aspartate/glutamate antiporters. The conclusion emphasizes the fact that furostanol glycoside from Dioscorea deltoidea has properties of antioxidants. Its action is evident firstly, in direct decrease of reactive oxygen species formation in mitochondria, secondly, in amplification of one of ways of antioxidant protection – protonophore action of fatty acids.
УСТОЙЧИВЫЙ ИТЕРАЦИОННЫЙ МЕТОД ГРАДИЕНТНОГО ТИПА ДЛЯ АППРОКСИМАЦИИ РЕШЕНИЙ НЕРЕГУЛЯРНЫХ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫХ УРАВНЕНИЙ В ГИЛЬБЕРТОВОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ
UDC: 517.988.68
Section: NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: М.Ю. Кокурин; А.И. Козлов;
An iterative method for solving arbitrary irregular nonlinear equations with smooth noisy operators in a Hilbert space is suggested. The method is a regularized version of the standard gradient process with a constant stepsize. Assuming that a solution possesses the sourcewise representation we establish stabilization of iterative point in a small neighbourhood of the solution. We also give the estimate for the diameter of the neighbourhood in terms of the method’s parameters and the error level.
ПЕРЕХОД МЕТАЛЛ-ДИЭЛЕКТРИК В ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ АНДЕРСОНА-ХАББАРДА В СЛУЧАЕ ТРЕХКРАТНОГО ВЫРОЖДЕНИЯ
UDC: 538.1; 539.213
Section: NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: В.Е. Шилов; Е.В. Шилова;
In the crystals containing transitive and rare-earth elements, strong electron-electronic correlations play an important role. These latter ones determine the character of the basic condition and excitations spectra adjoined to it. Hamiltonian to three-band periodic model of Anderson-Habbard and properly symmetric basis of wave functions are presented. On a symmetric part of this basis, according to the Hund rule and a principle of electroneutrality of Polinger, habbard subzones due to transmitting movement of electrons on a lattice and on one of orbitals are constructed. In the absence of magnetic fields, the criterion of transition isolator-metal is received.
ЭКОНОМИКА АПК: СИСТЕМНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ ПОДХОД И ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ
UDC: 338
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Н.С. Катков; Е.А. Таныгина;
The article reveals the recovery of agricutural sector in the Russian economy, realization of the national programs to improve a demographic situation in rural areas and the development of cattle-breeding.
ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИЯ: ИСТОРИЯ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
UDC: 339.924
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Е.И. Царегородцев; Н.И. Мурадов;
The article is focused on the origin of the term of «globalization» and different points of view of European, American, Japanese and Russian specialists on its content and the prospects for spreading of the globalization processes in the modern world; the positions of neomarxists, realists and
neoliberals are expounded.
МЕТОДИКА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА СЕЛЬСКОГО РАЙОНА
UDC: 337
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: А.А. Смирнов; Н.Я. Григорьева; И.В. Стукова;
The paper outlines the problems of specialists’ training and additional training in agro-industrial com-plex. Some specific features such as provision with dwelling and payment securing a decent standard of living are emphasized in the article. Mechanisms and methods of state regulation to realize the priority governmental programme supporting agro-industrial complex are in the center of the authors’ attention. To secure the population with food-stuffs and maintain labour resources in this brunch of economy is possible only on condition of having specialists permanenty living and working in the country.
АЛГОРИТМ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ ЛЕГИТИМНОСТИ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ПРИВАТИЗАЦИИ В ОБЛАСТИ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ
UDC: 338.24 + 620.9
Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: С.В. Венедиктов; Ю.Ю. Егошин; А.А. Капитанов; В.В. Карчин; И.А. Седых; А.А. Смирнов;
The article shows how to achieve the legitimacy of privatization results with the help of the new notion: «basic decisive shares».